Analyst Note:
The tank visible in the background of the image appears to be a Chinese VT-4 (MBT-3000) model. The VT-4 is manufactured by Norinco and is intended primarily for export. (ARES)
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Analyst Note:
This image shows the launch of an Iranian Paveh surface-to-surface cruise missile in Iraq. The munition was fired by Iranian proxy forces and reportedly targeting Israel. Some sources indicate the Paveh has been renamed the ‘Jamal-10’, whilst others claim it is being locally produced in Iraq by Iranian proxy forces. With an estimated 75% of the missile’s components coming from outside Iran, distributed production is certainly possible. The missile has two large wings located forward of the munition’s midpoint, three smaller fins towards the tail, and four actuated fins around the tail. The initial launch is accomplished with a solid-propellant rocket motor, which gives way to a turbo jet flight motor mounted on top of the missile, towards the tail. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Highlighted are four GBU-31 Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM) guided air-delivered bombs loaded onto the belly of a U.S. F-15E Strike Eagle aircraft. The GBU-31-series consists of a 2,000-pound-class bomb (Mk 84, BLU-109, or BLU-109A/B) and a guidance kit comprising a tail unit with four articulating fins and a guidance control unit with inertial navigation system (INS) and global positioning system (GPS) functions. The GBU-31 munitions seen here are built around the BLU-109, a penetrator munition with a solid nose and a thicker, one-piece body which flares slightly at the base. It has no body welds; the heavy steel base plate is held in place by an equally robust threaded steel closure ring. The BLU-109 is painted olive drab with a single yellow band towards the nose. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows the ‘manoeuvrable re-entry vehicle’ (MaRV; a detachable, steerable payload section) of an Iranian ballistic missile loaded with submunitions. It appears there are three different models of submunition loaded into the MaRV (black, blue, and red). The black and blue submunitions are most likely anti-personnel designs, whilst the red submunitions (indicated by a red box) are likely designed with penetrating or shaped-charge warheads to target vehicles or structures. Some submunitions may utilise time-delay fuzing, allowing for random detonations over several hours or days to hamper clearance efforts, denying use of the afflicted area. Reports have shown Iran has used ballistic missiles with mixed submunition loads, and suggest that this type of warhead can scatter its payload up to a radius of 8 km. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a screenshot from one of the videos released by the Kuwait Civil Aviation showing a one-way attack (OWA) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) striking the Kuwait International Airport. The munition’s distinctive delta-wing configuration and general size, shape, and manner of flight are consistent with the Shahed series of OWA UAVs. The related entry shows a Mado MD550 engine recovered following this strike, a model used to power the Shahed-136 series, enabling a more precise identification. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
A BLU-91/B GATOR anti-vehicle landmine is seen in this image, with the remains of an aeroballistic adaptor visible. BLU-91/B mines can be deployed from cluster bombs or from vehicle-mounted dispensers, however the presence of the square aeroballistic adaptor here indicates that this example was deployed from an air-delivered cluster bomb. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a Lancet-series one-way attack (OWA) UAV. It strongly resembles the Z-51E made by Zala Aerospace, a Russian manufacturer, although this cannot be confirmed from the available image. The Lancet series of drones can carry a variety of different warheads, including blast, fragmentation, thermobaric, and High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT). (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Positive identification of the model of air-delivered bomb to which the UMPK kit is fitted cannot be made from the source imagery. Based on the size of the UMPK and historical use in the area, it is likely an OFAB-250-270 model. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The 3OF39 Krasnopol is a laser-guided, rocket-assisted 152 mm tank gun projectile carrying a high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) warhead. The round is built and shipped with a cover over the optical sensor. This protective cover is fitted with a T-90 mechanical time delay fuze. Once fired, the T-90 fuze will initiate after a pre-selected time and will jettison the protective cover, exposing the optical sensor in the nose. The internal impact fuze, which can be set for immediate or delayed initiation, is then responsible for detonating the projectile. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
3OF39 Krasnopol rounds are shipped in two parts as seen in this image. They are then assembled prior to employment. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image is a composite assembled from several screen captures taken from an IDF video. Due to camera movement and other factors, there may be some minor misalignment. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This Tomahawk missile features a distinctive black coating that suggests it is an RGM-109E Block Va variant, also known as the Maritime Strike Tomahawk (MST). A similar coating is seen on the U.S. Navy’s AGM-158C Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM). MST incorporates a new multi-mode seeker optimised for the anti-shipping role, but remains capable of striking land-based targets. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows what is believed to be one of the first combat uses of the Precision Strike Missile (PrSM), following its entry into U.S. Army service in late 2023. PrSM is the successor to the ATACMS short-range ballistic missile that has become well known due to its use in the Russo–Ukrainian War. The Increment One version of PrSM has a range of approximately 500 km. The missile is seen here being fired from an M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS). (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Photos released by the Israeli Air Force show an F-16 aircraft carrying two 2,000-pound-class air-delivered bombs fitted with Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) guidance kits. Whilst the bomb body is visually similar to a MK 84 general-purpose aerial bomb, the marking scheme is distinctly different. The combination of yellow and red bands most likely indicates both a high explosive and incendiary payload. This is consistent with the marking scheme applied to specialised U.S. munitions intended for use against chemical and biological weapons targets. The best known of these is the BLU-119/B CrashPAD ('Prompt Agent Defeat'), which uses a MK 84 bomb body and contains 170 lbs of PBX-109 and 420 lbs of white phosphorus. It is not clear if agent defeat weapons were ever exported to Israel, or if a local analogue was developed. Capabilities of this type often remain classified. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The Iranian 358 surface-to-air missile is reportedly a ‘loitering munition’, designed for engaging drones and rotary-wing aircraft. It employs a combination of ground-based and onboard thermal cameras to scan a designated area, and then uses an infrared imaging seeker in the nose to locate and lock onto targets. The missile carries a 10 kg fragmentation warhead, which is functioned by a 360-degree laser proximity sensor. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Shown is the Russian Kh-69 (marked in Cyrillic: “Х-69”) cruise missile which was debuted at a Russian arms show in August 2022, and entered into active military service the following year. The Kh-69 was reportedly first used in combat in February 2024, engaging Ukrainian targets. The more compact design when compared with previous Russian missiles results in a smaller radar signature, which is further reduced by the trapezoidal form factor. The Kh-69 is classed by the Russian military as a ‘stealth cruise missile’ and carries either a penetrator or cluster (submunitions) warhead. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows 122 mm high explosive (HE) artillery gun projectiles manufactured in three different states, L–R: Iran, North Korea, and Russia. Whilst these examples are distinct from one another—particularly in coloration, as well as the presence or absence of paint over the driving band and bourrelet—this is not always the case, and a combination of physical features and markings should be assessed before identification is made. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Pictured here are a pair of 106 mm M344A1 High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) projectiles fitted with M509A1 point-initiating, base-detonating (PIBD) fuzes. These are designed to be fired from M40-series 106 mm recoilless rifles. Note that, despite the nominal 106 mm designations, the M40 has a bore diameter of 105 mm. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This PG-7VR recoilless gun projectile is painted in a tan colour often associated with Iranian production, but also used by other manufacturers. Iranian munitions have been seen and reported in Sudan with regularity. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This munition, despite being adapated from the design of a 120 mm mortar projectile and closely resembling such, is actually a small air-delivered bomb intended to be dropped by UAV. The manufacturer clearly states that the munition should not be fired from a mortar. Additional data from the manufacturer states that it uses a UT M18 “special impact fuze”. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows an FN-6-series man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS) being fired. In Sudan, this weapon is referred to as the ‘Nayzak’. The Nayzak is most likely a Chinese FN-6 re-marked for domestic use. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a russian air-delivered bomb fitted with a UMPK guidance kit. Not enough of the bomb is visible to positively identify the model, but it is most likely an OFAB-250-270 based on what can be seen of the tail section. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a North Korean 170 mm artillery projectile, as fired by the M-1978 Koksan self-propelled artillery gun. Very little is known of the M-1978 Koksan due to the secretive nature of North Korean arms development, but both high explosive and rocket-assisted high explosive projectiles are believed to be available. The designations ‘M-1978’ and ‘Koksan’ were applied by American military analysts identified the system in Koksan, North Korea, in 1978. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Markings on the forward section of this small, air-delivered bomb suggest that the designation is ‘BK-3OF’ (“БК-3ОФ”). The physical features of the munition suggest that it is laser-guided and likely carries a high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) payload. This image shows the only known example, which was allegedly captured by Russian forces in conjunction with a Ukrainian UAV. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a one-way attack (OWA) UAV fitted with a high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead adapted from a PG-7 series recoilless gun projectile. (ARES)
