External Research

Armament Research Services (ARES)

“In place of the 9M22 rocket’s HE-FRAG warhead, the 9M22S (or the shorter 9M28S) carries the 9N510 warhead, which contains 180 individual incendiary elements […] Designed to start fires in vegetated areas such as forests, amongst ammunition or fuel storage sites, and elsewhere, these incendiary elements consist of hexagonal prisms made of a magnesium alloy known as ML-5, filled with a pyrotechnic composition similar to thermite. Each element is nominally 40 mm long and 25 mm wide, and has a burn time of at least 2 minutes. The incendiary elements are packed into the body of the rocket in 9 layers of 18 elements per layer, with a further 18 elements arranged in three layers in the conical nose of the munition.”

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