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Analyst Note:
Based on design features and an estimation of the munition’s apparent size relative to the personnel handling it, this image appears to show a 122 mm surface-to-surface rocket fitted with a high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) warhead, although the specific model and country of origin are unclear. In Sudan there have been reports of Russian, Chinese, and domestically produced (Taka-02) 122 mm rockets being used. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a German DM 1399 (AT2) dispensed anti-tank (anti-vehicle) landmine. This munition uses a shaped charge that relies on the Misnay–Schardin effect to penetrate the underside of armoured fighting vehicles. The DM 1399 reportedly has magnetic and pressure fuzing, along with an anti-disturbance feature and a self-destruct time delay of up to four days, settable in six different increments. The mines can be dispensed from rockets (MLRS), vehicles (Skorpion 2), and UAVs (Eggbox with 4 mines). Currently the mines are known to be in service with Finland, Germany, Norway, the United Kingdom, and Ukraine (having been donated by Germany). Denmark, Latvia, and Sweden are in the process of having AT2+ mines and Skorpion 2 systems delivered. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The tank visible in the background of the image appears to be a Chinese VT-4 (MBT-3000) model. The VT-4 is manufactured by Norinco and is intended primarily for export. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image depicts a Russian PFM-1 or PFM-1S submunition. These are small anti-personnel scatterable landmines constructed using a plastic (low-density polythene) body and a liquid high explosive fill. They are fitted with a pressure fuze, and may be green, white, sand (tan), or brown (as seen here) in colour. The PFM-1S incorporates a nominal self-destruct with a delay of approximately 40 hours, although they may remain active for far longer and are known to randomly self-destruct weeks after deployment. They weigh approximately 70 g (2.47 oz) and are typically dispensed from 250 kg (551 lb) and 500 kg (1,102 lb) class dispensers by the hundreds. The war in Ukraine has seen them dispensed from UAVs. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a North Korean 170 mm artillery projectile, as fired by the M-1978 Koksan self-propelled artillery gun. Very little is known of the M-1978 Koksan due to the secretive nature of North Korean arms development, but both high explosive and rocket-assisted high explosive projectiles are believed to be available. The designations ‘M-1978’ and ‘Koksan’ were applied by American military analysts identified the system in Koksan, North Korea, in 1978. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The DLE60 two-stroke petrol (gasoline) engine pictured here is the standard engine found on Gerbera UAVs. It is produced by the Chinese company Mile Haoxiang Technology Co., Ltd. and marketed specifically for use in UAVs. Although the Gerbera is manufactured in Russia, the engine and many other key components continue to be supplied from Chinese sources. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows four PFM-1 series anti-personnel landmines retained by a release mechanism to enable deployment via UAV. Ordinarily, PFM-1 series and other ‘scatterable mines’ are deployed via carrier munitions or dedicated mine-dispensing devices. In Ukraine and other conflicts, these mines have often been removed from their original carrier munitions in order that they may be delivered via UAV. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a fragment of the “inner petal assembly” of a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system’s ‘Talon’ interceptor missile. The part number for the assembly (“23917ASSY1A62803-101 REV.E / E”), Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) code (“07554”), manufacturer abbreviation (“CTL”), and serial number (“S/N DDLKD”) are visible. This CAGE code and manufacturer abbreviation are associated with CTL Aerospace Inc, a subcontractor for Lockheed Martin, the manufacturer of the THAAD system. It is not uncommon for complex munitions to be made by several different manufacturers, and thus multiple CAGE codes may be present as a result of the various subcontractors. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The 57E6 series of missiles fired from the 96K6 Pantsir system use a two-stage design that is unusual for surface-to-air missiles of this type. The remnant seen in this image is part of the missile’s booster section, which accelerates the second stage to a high velocity before separating. The booster section uses a distinctive toffee-brown, filament-wound composite body. (ARES)
2 Analyst Notes:
The plum-coloured plastic ring at the nose of this mortar projectile (placed over its fuze) and the black plastic propellant cover (placed over its tail) are both fitted for transport and storage, before the projectile is loaded into a cardboard tube, and then packed into an outer crate. The propellant cover obscures the perforated cylindrical tail assembly in this image. (ARES)
