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Functional use
Tentative Model
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Analyst Note
This image shows four PFM-1 series anti-personnel landmines retained by a release mechanism to enable deployment via UAV. Ordinarily, PFM-1 series and other ‘scatterable mines’ are deployed via carrier munitions or dedicated mine-dispensing devices. In Ukraine and other conflicts, these mines have often been removed from their original carrier munitions in order that they may be delivered via UAV. (ARES)
External Research
Human Rights Watch
"Starting in June 2024, Russian forces increasingly used quadcopter drones to attack civilians and civilian objects in Kherson. Between May 1 and December 16, 2024, drone attacks in Kherson resulted in at least 30 civilians killed and another 483 injured according to the Kherson City Council Executive Committee."