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Constricting openings in rocket motors that increase the velocity and pressure of exiting gases, sometimes directing these to impart spin to the munition
Venturi Nozzle
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Venturi Nozzle
Constricting openings in rocket motors that increase the velocity and pressure of exiting gases, sometimes directing these to impart spin to the munition
OSMP1908
Recoilless Munition Thailand PF69-40 HEI
Analyst Note 2 March 2026
The PF69-40 HEI warhead contains approximately 900 pieces of spherical steel fragmentation (‘ball bearings’) as well as 2,000–3,000 incendiary pellets that scatter over a 15 m radius on detonation. (ARES)
OSMP1837
Rocket or Missile Syria 9M22S Grad 9M28S Grad
Analyst Note 2 March 2026
Considered with additional contextual materials, it is assessed that this image shows the rocket motor section from a 122 mm incendiary rocket, specifically the 9M22S or 9M28S models. Both rockets carry the same warhead, but use rocket motors of different lengths; not enough of this motor is visible to positively identify the model. (ARES)
OSMP2015
Rocket or Missile Israel Stunner
Analyst Note 4 March 2026
This image is a composite assembled from several screen captures taken from an IDF video. Due to camera movement and other factors, there may be some minor misalignment. (ARES)
OSMP1816
Recoilless Munition Sudan PG-7 series › PG-7VR
Analyst Note 31 December 2025
This PG-7VR recoilless gun projectile is painted in a tan colour often associated with Iranian production, but also used by other manufacturers. Iranian munitions have been seen and reported in Sudan with regularity. (ARES)
OSMP1430
Rocket or Missile Iran RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Blk I series
Analyst Note 15 September 2025
This image shows the MK 136 Third Stage Rocket Motor of a U.S. RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Blk I interceptor missile. The SM-3 Blk I variants share the same propulsion sections, but have differences in the kill vehicle section. The SM-3 Blk II variants are substantially different, including new, larger-diameter propulsion sections. SM-3 missiles have a booster, dual-thrust rocket motor, third-stage rocket motor, and an altitude control section in the kill vehicle. (ARES)
OSMP1715
Rocket or Missile Myanmar S-5 series
Analyst Note 28 November 2025
This image shows the venturi and tailfin assembly from a 57 mm S-5 series rocket. The S-5 series of rockets are commonly used around the world in a variety of roles, including air-to-surface and surface-to-surface. Unfortunately, from this image alone the specific model and country of origin cannot be determined. (ARES)
OSMP1763
Rocket or Missile Thailand
Analyst Note 28 November 2025
Based on the tail-fin assembly design and relative size, the item pictured appears to be a 122 mm rocket. However, it is unclear if this image shows a Russian 9M22-series (‘Grad’) rocket, a Chinese Type 81 rocket, or a similar variant from a different country of origin. (ARES)
OSMP1246
Rocket or Missile Palestinian Territories MIM-401 Talon series (THAAD)
Analyst Note 27 May 2025
This image shows the flare from a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system's ‘Talon’ kinetic interceptor missile. The flare is located at the aft end of the missile's booster engine. The ‘petals’ of the flare are initially flush, and are actuated into the deployed position, seen here, as part of the missile‘s functioning. (ARES)
OSMP875
Rocket or Missile Ukraine KN-23/KN-24/Hwasong-11 series
Analyst Note 13 March 2025
This image shows a remnant of the aft motor section, which includes the venturi nozzle, of a North Korean KN-23/KN-24/Hwasong-11 series missile. The KN-23/KN-24/Hwasong-11 has a generally similar appearance to the Russian 9M7 ‘Iskander’ series of ballistic missiles, but has differences in performance and in some aspects of the construction. (ARES)
OSMP1056
Rocket or Missile Armenia Spike series
Analyst Note 14 January 2025
This image shows the rear portions of two different two different Spike Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) missiles, which each include the control section and part of the rocket motor. The Spike NLOS has been in service with Israel since 1987, and is currently in its sixth generation, or iteration, which comprises an unknown number of variants. At least three different warhead configurations are reported: high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG), high explosive anti-tank (HEAT), and a ‘multipurpose’ or anti-structure variant with a penetrating blast and fragmentation warhead. (ARES)
OSMP88
Rocket or Missile Ukraine 9M22S Grad
Analyst Note 24 October 2024
The 9M22S is essentially the ‘full-sized’ version of the shorter 9M28S surface-to-surface rocket previously recorded in the OSMP. Both rockets carry the same 9N510 incendiary warhead, but differ in the length of their rocket motor sections, and thus range. (ARES)
OSMP614
Rocket or Missile Lebanon 9M22 Grad series
Analyst Note 14 October 2024
The crude launch arrangement depicted in this photograph shows the ease with which many simple rocket designs can be launched. Weapons such as this are used where precision fire is not a requirement; i.e., where the target might be a whole compound, neighbourhood, or settlement, rather than a specific building or vehicle. (ARES)
OSMP722
Rocket or Missile Lebanon 9M14 Malyutka
Analyst Note 11 September 2024
The 9M14 Malyutka anti-tank guided missile was designed and fielded by the Soviet Union in the 1960s. It uses an outdated guidance principle known as manual command to line-of-sight (MCLOS), in which the operator must manually adjust the course of the missile in flight. Nonetheless, this munition has been seen in several 21st-century conflicts. (ARES)
OSMP538
Rocket or Missile Syria 9M22 Grad series
Analyst Note 31 May 2024
Contextual information suggests that this is likely a 9M22S unguided incendiary rocket (see External Research section), but this cannot be confirmed on the basis of this image alone. (ARES)
OSMP471
Rocket or Missile Syria 57E6 Pantsir
Analyst Note 29 July 2024
The 57E6 series of missiles fired from the 96K6 Pantsir system use a two-stage design that is unusual for surface-to-air missiles of this type. The remnant seen in this image is part of the missile’s booster section, which accelerates the second stage to a high velocity before separating. The booster section uses a distinctive toffee-brown, filament-wound composite body. (ARES)
OSMP150
Rocket or Missile Ukraine AGM-88 HARM and AARGM series
Analyst Note 16 September 2024
The AGM-88 High-Speed-Anti-Radiation-Missile (HARM) is an air-to-surface anti-radiation guided missile that seeks and destroys radar-based air-defence systems by detecting radar emissions, locking on to these, and using them to home in on a target. (ARES)