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Guided Munition
Munitions capable of altering their flight path in response to internal or external inputs, making them more precise. There are a range of ways munitions can be guided, including GPS, radar, and satellite, and guidance systems can be located in different parts of a munition.
Analyst Note:
Shown is the Russian Kh-69 (marked in Cyrillic: “Х-69”) cruise missile which was debuted at a Russian arms show in August 2022, and entered into active military service the following year. The Kh-69 was reportedly first used in combat in February 2024, engaging Ukrainian targets. The more compact design when compared with previous Russian missiles results in a smaller radar signature, which is further reduced by the trapezoidal form factor. The Kh-69 is classed by the Russian military as a ‘stealth cruise missile’ and carries either a penetrator or cluster (submunitions) warhead. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The UMPK guidance package is a ‘bolt-on’ kit that can be fitted to unguided air-delivered bombs to convert them to guided munitions. The UMPK kit also greatly extends the range of the munition to which it is fitted, allowing aircraft to strike from beyond the range of many air-defence systems. Currently only Russia manufacturers and uses these kits. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows an FN-6-series man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS) being fired. In Sudan, this weapon is referred to as the ‘Nayzak’. The Nayzak is most likely a Chinese FN-6 re-marked for domestic use. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a russian air-delivered bomb fitted with a UMPK guidance kit. Not enough of the bomb is visible to positively identify the model, but it is most likely an OFAB-250-270 based on what can be seen of the tail section. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a Telefly JT80 jet engine, as used on Shahed-238 (Geran-3) UAVs. These jet engines are manufactured in China by Telefly Telecommunications Company. According to the manufacturer, each engine produces approximately 80kg of thrust. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The munition indicated is a one-way-attack (OWA) UAV fitted with a PG-7-series high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead. Not enough of the warhead is visible to provide a positive ID on which model of PG-7-series projectile it was harvested from. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image appears to show a remnant from either a 9M38- or 9M317-series surface-to-air missile. Positive identification of this munition cannot be made based on the imagery in this source alone; a rear control fin is visible in image but the 9M38- and 9M317-series missiles use indistinguishable rear fins. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image appears to shows the remnants of either a 9M38- or 9M317-series missile, however positive identification of this surface-to-air missile cannot be made based solely on the imagery in this source. The 9M38- and 9M317-series missiles are close in design and function, and are predominantly fired from the Buk family of surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems. The Buk-M2E SAM system is known to be in service in Venezuela, having been delivered under a Russian contract beginning in 2015. The source video for this entry shows the destroyed remains of a Buk-M2E launch vehicle, known as the 9A316E. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
The AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) is a guided air-delivered ‘glide bomb’ that allows for long-range strikes using an unpowered munition. The AGM-154C and AGM-154C-1 variants (a remnant of the latter pictured here) carry a Bomb Royal Ordnance Augmented Charge (BROACH) multi-stage warhead which uses a WDU-44 shaped-charge warhead as its first stage, to help penetrate hardened targets, whilst the WDU-45 second stage comprises a conventional high explosive penetrator warhead (also called a ‘follow-through’ warhead). The AGM-154C-1 is described by the U.S. Navy as their “first air-to-ground Network-Enabled Weapon (NEW) capable of attacking stationary land and moving maritime targets. It includes GPS/INS guidance, terminal IR seeker and a Link 16 weapon data link. Integration of the Link-16 weapon data link and updated seeker software algorithms provide a capability against at-sea moving/relocatable targets.” (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a WDU-36 series warhead as used in the RGM-/UGM-109 Tomahawk series of cruise missiles. The warhead design suggests this is likely a WDU-36/B from an RGM-/UGM-109E missile. The RGM-/UGM-109E Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (also known as TLAM Block IV) is an improved version of the BGM-109C TLAM-C. In cases where the missile strikes a building but does not function as intended, the dense, comparatively heavy warhead is often projected forwards of the point of impact. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a WDU-36/B warhead as used in the RGM-/UGM-109 Tomahawk series of missiles. The WDU-36/B is the improved, lighter version of the previous WDU-25/B warhead. It is reported that the titanium-cased WDU-36/B weighs around 310 kg and carries a main charge of approximately 120 kg of PBXN-107 high explosives. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a one-way-attack (‘sacrificial’) UAV with the apparent warhead broken off. It is believed to have been attached to the grey mechanism located at the rear of the UAV, likely separating when the UAV was downed. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a Mk 104 Dual Thrust Rocket Motor (DTRM), the second-stage rocket motor for the SM-2, SM-3 Blk I, and SM-6 missiles. Based on the strakes or fins attached to this Mk 104, it can be determined that it was part of an SM-3 Blk I series missile. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image provides a close-up view of the bottom of the MK 136 Third Stage Rocket Motor section from a RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Blk I guided missile. The integral warm gas/cold gas attitude control system, including its four venturis, is visible. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows the MK 136 Third Stage Rocket Motor of a U.S. RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Blk I interceptor missile. The SM-3 Blk I variants share the same propulsion sections, but have differences in the kill vehicle section. The SM-3 Blk II variants are substantially different, including new, larger-diameter propulsion sections. SM-3 missiles have a booster, dual-thrust rocket motor, third-stage rocket motor, and an altitude control section in the kill vehicle. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Markings on the forward section of this small, air-delivered bomb suggest that the designation is ‘BK-3OF’ (“БК-3ОФ”). The physical features of the munition suggest that it is laser-guided and likely carries a high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) payload. This image shows the only known example, which was allegedly captured by Russian forces in conjunction with a Ukrainian UAV. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a one-way attack (OWA) UAV fitted with a high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead adapted from a PG-7 series recoilless gun projectile. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This Russian air-delivered cluster bomb is marked with a threatening message directed at the French people: «Français! Changer la politique du président dans le pays, sinon ces bombes vont changer le lieu d'atterrissage!» (“French people! Change the president’s policy in the country, otherwise these bombs will change their landing site!”). (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This sheet-metal body component is marked with a manufacturer’s CAGE Code (“MFR-59518”) which indicates it was produced by GlenDee Corp. of Moorpark, California, which does business as Metalagraphics, Inc. (MGI). (ARES)
Analyst Note:
Moog Inc.—headquartered in East Aurora, New York, as marked on this munitions remnant—describes itself as a “worldwide designer, manufacturer, and integrator of precision control components and systems”. Moog supplies actuator and control components to the prime contractor on the Miniature Air-Launched Decoy (MALD) programme, Raytheon. (ARES)
Analyst Note:
This image shows a Hydra-70 rocket fitted with an Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) guidance kit, converting it into a guided missile. In this case, the missile features an M151 high explosive (HE) warhead fitted with either an M427 or M423 point-detonating (PD) fuze. The rocket motor model cannot be determined from this source alone, but it is most likely to be a MK 66-series motor. The launcher appears to be a LAND-LGR4 model produced by Arnold Defense. (ARES)