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Reported Location (19)

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Year (15)

Classification groups of key explosive munitions used in conflicts

Munition Category (6)

The impact or effect the munition is intended to have

Functional use (8)

Use thermal energy to cause damage, often against flammable targets
Incendiary Munition
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The specific model of munition pictured

Tentative Model (170)

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The external organisation that documented the munition

Research Organisation (4)

Colour of the munition pictured

Base Colour (10)

Colour of all, or some, of the markings on the munition

Marking Colour (9)

Language or script of the marking on a munition

Marking Script (9)

Condition of the munition pictured

Condition (6)

Key features defining the operation mechanisms of a projectile

Mechanical Feature (9)

Whether a munition is guided or unguided

Guidance (2)

Where the munition is launched from and what it targets

Domain (5)

The type of fins visible on the munition

Fins Characteristic (5)

The nominal diameter of a projectile. For most modern munitions, this is expressed in millimetres (e.g. 82 mm mortar projectile), but older artillery gun projectiles may be described in inches.

Calibre (51)

Weight class of the aerial bomb pictured

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Incendiary Munition
Rather than explosive power (i.e, blast or fragmentation mechanisms), incendiary munitions rely on the chemical reactions of flammable materials to ignite and set fire to targets including buildings, supplies, and vehicles. They are typically used against flammable targets such as fuel and ammunition dumps or vegetation, and can be delivered by a range of platforms including aircraft and artillery guns. Examples of incendiary compositions include white phosphorus, napalm, and thermite. Incendiary effects are sometimes a desired additional damage mechanism for other types of munitions, but the term ‘incendiary munition’ is usually reserved for those which rely primarily on thermal damage mechanisms.
OSMP88
Rocket or Missile Ukraine 9M22S Grad
Analyst Note:
The 9M22S is essentially the ‘full-sized’ version of the shorter 9M28S surface-to-surface rocket previously recorded in the OSMP. Both rockets carry the same 9N510 incendiary warhead, but differ in the length of their rocket motor sections, and thus range. (ARES)
OSMP87
Rocket or Missile Ukraine 9M28S Grad
Analyst Note:
The 9M28S surface-to-surface unguided rocket carries the 9N510 warhead, which disperses burning thermite-type incendiary elements over a wide area upon functioning. This munition is designed to start fires in target areas vulnerable to incendiary attack, including forests, ammunition dumps, and fuel storage sites. (ARES)
OSMP548
Artillery Gun Projectile Lebanon M825 Series
Analyst Note:
In this image, part of the distinctive internal 'X-rib' arrangement is visible protruding from the base of an M825-series white phosphorus smoke projectile. This is a useful diagnostic feature that can be used to distinguish remnants of these munitions from those of similar projectiles (such as those using a hexachloroethane/zinc smoke composition) if markings are not visible (ARES)
OSMP302
Rocket or Missile Ukraine 9M28S Grad
Analyst Note:
Like the more common 9M22S rocket, the 9M28S carries the 9N510 warhead, which dispenses 180 individual incendiary elements composed of a magnesium alloy shell filled with a thermite-like incendiary composition. (ARES)
OSMP169
Mortar Projectile Ukraine 3-Z-2
Analyst Note:
The 120 mm 3-Z-2 incendiary mortar projectile contains 6 incendiary elements, four large and two small. These are hollow steel ‘cups’ filled with an incendiary mixture of an unknown type, but understood to be comparable in effect to thermite. (ARES)